What Is Pump Bump (Haglund’s Disease)?
Haglund’s disease, commonly known as pump bump, refers to a bony enlargement that forms on the back of the heel at the point where the Achilles tendon attaches to the calcaneus (heel bone). This growth typically develops due to constant friction and pressure, often made worse by stiff-backed footwear such as high heels—hence the name “pump bump.” As the irritation continues, the soft tissues surrounding the tendon, including the bursa (a cushioning fluid-filled sac), become inflamed, resulting in pain, swelling, and difficulty wearing certain shoes.
How Does Haglund’s Disease Develop?
The condition arises when repeated stress or abnormal pressure is placed on the back of the heel. Poor footwear choices, tight gastrocnemius (calf muscle), and structural foot variations—like high or low arches—can alter the mechanics of the foot and increase this pressure. Activities such as running, walking long distances, or standing for extended periods may aggravate the problem. With continuous strain, the heel bone responds by creating extra bone tissue both inside and outside the tendon, eventually forming the characteristic bump. The surrounding bursa may also become inflamed, intensifying discomfort.
How Do I Know If I Have Haglund’s Disease?
Symptoms usually appear slowly and progress over time. The most recognizable sign is a visible bump at the back of the heel. Pain and tenderness often increase when wearing shoes that rub against this area. As inflammation worsens, the skin can become red, swollen, and irritated. While discomfort may initially occur only with certain shoe types, untreated cases can lead to persistent pain—even when barefoot. In more advanced stages, the Achilles tendon may feel stiff, making normal walking difficult.
Can I Manage It on My Own?
Mild cases can often be eased with proper self-care. Switching to soft-backed or cushioned shoes reduces irritation, and ice packs help control swelling during flare-ups. Regular stretching exercises targeting the Achilles tendon and calf muscles can relieve tension in the area. Although many people improve with these conservative steps, persistent or worsening symptoms should prompt a medical consultation.
When Should I Seek Professional Care?
If home treatments fail to bring relief or the pain becomes severe enough to interfere with daily activities, it’s advisable to consult a Foot and Ankle Orthopaedic Surgeon. A specialist should also be seen if the heel bump enlarges, walking becomes difficult, or heel pain persists for an extended period. Diagnostic tools like X-rays or MRI scans may be used to evaluate the severity of the condition and rule out other heel-related issues.
What Are the Treatment Options?
Initial treatment usually involves non-surgical methods such as physical therapy, stretching programs, ultrasound therapy, or orthotic inserts to improve foot alignment and reduce pressure. If these approaches do not offer adequate relief, surgery may be recommended. Surgical intervention typically involves removing the enlarged bone at the back of the heel. If inflamed, the bursa may also be removed, and in some cases, the Achilles tendon may require partial release or lengthening. Following surgery, structured rehabilitation and gradual return to activity are important for optimal recovery.
Will I Need to Avoid Certain Shoes?
After treatment—especially surgical correction—it is often necessary to avoid rigid-backed footwear and high heels, as these can contribute to recurrence. Choosing well-cushioned, supportive shoes helps protect the heel and maintain long-term comfort. With proper footwear, stretching habits, and foot care, most individuals can return to their daily routine without significant limitations.