The pain and stiffness you notice in your feet and ankles as you age may actually be arthritis. When this condition is ignored, discomfort can gradually intensify to the point where even short walks become unbearable. Without proper care, arthritis can severely impact mobility and quality of life. Fortunately, early treatment can help slow its progression and keep you active for longer.

Understanding Arthritis

Arthritis refers to a group of conditions that damage the normal structure and function of joints. While it can occur in the back, hips, hands, knees, shoulders and neck, it commonly affects the feet and ankles as well. In fact, nearly half of individuals in their 60s and 70s have arthritis in these areas, even if they don’t always feel symptoms.

The most familiar form—osteoarthritis—occurs when joint cartilage wears down over time. This “wear and tear” leads to swelling, inflammation, stiffness and persistent joint pain. Traumatic injuries such as fractures, ligament tears or ankle sprains may also trigger arthritis later on, even if treated properly at the time.

Another major type is rheumatoid arthritis, an inflammatory disease that irritates the joint lining. People living with rheumatoid arthritis for about a decade almost always develop symptoms in their feet or ankles. Other inflammatory forms include gout, lupus, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.

Regardless of the cause, arthritis often results in reduced movement and difficulty walking comfortably.

Treating Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle

Managing arthritis in these joints focuses on relieving pain and correcting deformity. Pain stems from inflammation or the gradual loss of joint cartilage—both of which worsen if not addressed. Over time, untreated arthritis can deform the foot and ankle structure.

To diagnose the condition, your doctor will review your medical history, perform a physical exam and may suggest imaging such as X-rays. Additional tests like MRI, CT scans or bone scans may also be used to understand the extent of joint damage.

Once diagnosed, treatment may include:

  • Anti-inflammatory medications
  • Steroid injections
  • Physical therapy
  • Weight reduction
  • Orthotics, such as shoe inserts or custom braces

In severe cases—especially when deformity is progressing—surgery may be necessary. Procedures may involve joint replacement, joint fusion or a combination of both. Surgical treatment often brings significant pain relief and improved function.

After Surgery

Post-surgery, you may need a period of immobilization and specialized support such as braces or medical footwear. Rehabilitation is essential to restore movement and ensure proper healing.